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Gandhi
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Outline:
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1. Introduction
2. Some facts about him
3. Gandhi in South-Africa
4. Passive resistance
5. Self - administration
6. The Salt-march
7. The struggle for independence
8. Sources
1. Introduction:
Ø Well-known person because of his independence movement of India and because he is an advocate of non-violence resistance
2. Some facts about him:
Ø Lived from 1896 - 1949
Ø Was born on 2end October in today's Gujarat in India
Ø Lived in a rich family which belonged to the Vaishyas (caste - system)
Ø He was a Hindu
Ø At the age of 13 he was married with Kasturbai Nakanji by his family
Ø She substitutes (= vertreten) for him when he was in arrest
Ø Lived very simple à ate no meat, wore only simple clothes which he spun on his own
Ø His real name was Mohandes Karamchand Gandhi but the Indians named him Mahatma Gandhi (means - Great soul) à got the name because of his commitment (= Einsatz) for the Indian population
3. Gandhi in South - Africa
Ø 1888 - 1891 studied law in London
Ø 1891 became lawyer in Bombay
Ø 1893 went to South - Africa to work there
Ø at the beginning he only wanted to stay there for a year
Ø at this time it was controlled by the British
Ø there he got the thirst experience of discrimination from the white persons towards the Indians
Ø Examples:
Ø he wasn't allowed to leave the house after 9 o'clock p.m. without a licence
Ø he wanted to go by the train in the first class, he also had a ticket. But the inspector told him to go in the luggage can (= Gepäckswagen). He answered back but at the end he was thrown out of the train.
Ø The discrimination resulted of his colour of the skin and his religion
Ø With the influence of his experience he started the struggle for the basic-rights of the Indians in South-Africa
4. Passive resistance:
Ø Stayed in South-Africa for 20 years
Ø Was sent to prison for several times
Ø Founded the 'Natal Indian Congress' (short NIC) in 1894 who organised the resistance of the immigrants against the discriminative laws of racial (= Rassengesetze)
Ø He was influenced by Lew Tolstoj and Henry David Thoreau with his Essay 'Civil disobedience'
Ø He developed a concept for non-violent resistance
Ø But he thought the words 'passive resistance' were unsuitable (= unpassend), so he named it 'Satyagraha'
5. Self - administration:
Ø In 1914 he returned to India à took over leadership in the fight of the Indians for self-administration
Ø after world war I, he included the passive resistance against Great Britain
Ø When British Parliament passed the Rowlatt Acts, the Satyagraha-movement spread out over whole India
Ø the Rowlatt Acts were laws by the British authorities to get along with the revolutionary activities
Ø Gandhi appealed (=aufrufen) to a campaign of the Asahayaga (= nichtbeteiligung)
Ø Therefor all Indians blocked the streets, the higher court of law was boycotted and children were taken from the public schools
Ø They refused (=weigern) to stand up from the streets, although the police used violence
Ø The consequence was that Gandhi was imprisoned but soon he was released
Ø 1921 got powers (vollmachten) from the NIC
Ø but then gun-toting (=bewaffnete) rebellions broke out against the British control and Gandhi had to admit the fail of his campaign - the campaign was finished
Ø the British government arrested him for 6 years
Ø the fight for Self-administration of the Indians was unsuccessful
Ø after 2 years he was released from prison
Ø at first he retired (= zurückziehen) from the great politics
6. Salt-march:
Ø He started a campaign against the tax on salt
Ø He requested (=auffordern) the people to refuse (= verweigern) the payment of the salt-tax
Ø Wrote to the government but they didn't respond to his demands
Ø 11.3.1930 started a salt-march
Ø in 24 days he covered (= zurücklegen) a distance from 385 km
Ø on 15.4. he arrived his aim (= Ziel) , Dandi by the Arabic ocean
Ø there he picked up salt and explained that it is a way to gain salt for free
Ø in the next days developed a illegal deal (= Handel) with salt on the beach
Ø the consequence was that Gandhi and some other peoples were arrested
Ø but the movement (= Bewegung) didn't stop
Ø on 29.5.1930 a group of people marched to a mine which was guarded (= bewachen) by the police
Ø when they went towards the policemen, who beat them with sticks
Ø the men were disabled (=schwerverletzt)
Ø all over the world they reported about this happening
Ø so the international force (= Druck) was so big that Gandhi was released from prison in January 1931
Ø in march 1931 Indian salt was allowed to be sold
7. The struggle for Independence of India:
Ø When world war 2 spread out he spoke against the war
Ø The Indians shouldn't support the British in the war. The slogan was 'Quit India'
Ø The Indians didn't support the British in the war because they got no independence
Ø The Britain offered compromise but the Indians reflected
Ø The consequence was that Gandhi was imprisoned (in this time his wife died)
Ø 1944 Gandhi was released from prison
Ø 1974 Indian became independent but only in terms of two states ( =in Form von 2 staaten)
Ø Gandhi stood up for one common (= gemeinsamen) state but he couldn't convince the Muslims, the Hindus an the British
Ø He wanted to restore (=wiederherstellen) peace but without success
Ø So he went on hunger-strike
Ø His health was at risk (= sein Gesundheitszustand war schlecht) so the groups made peace but only for a short time
¨ On 30. January 1948 he was killed by a finantical Hindu.
¨ The life of Mahatma Gandhi was filmed in 1982 by Richard Attenborough
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