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The defeat of rebel Irish earls in the early 1600s, convinced James I that the only way to solve the Irish problem (which had plagued England for over three centuries) was to replace Gaelic culture with English and Scottish protestant culture. Previous attempts at plantation had largely been unsuccessful, so James organised not only settlers (from England and Scotland) but also new government administrators. Land was reserved for the Protestant Church of Ireland, Trinity College, Dublin, and - in Derry - the City of London livery companies (who renamed their chief settlement, Londonderry).Throughout James\'s reign plantation spread from Ulster further into the south of Ireland, encompassing Leinster and Leitrim.
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